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The Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry
Vol. 23, N° 1, January (2000) |
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CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE |
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§
Leadership / by M.S. AbdelGawad
§
“Time Dimension” Revisited in Clinical
Practice and Research in Psychiatry / by Y.T. Rakhawy §
A Study of Depressive Symptomatology in
Cancer Patients / by M. El Batrawi and M. Moussa §
Depression in the Elderly “Clinical and
Psychosocial Study” / by A. El-Dod, G. Shama and A. Mubarak §
Fertility in Schizophrenia in Comparison
with other Psychiatric Disorders / by R. Reda Abdel-latif §
Perceived Parental Styles in Depressed
and Anxious Patients / by M. El-Batrawi
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Journal
Abstract |
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q SUMMARY / RESUMES |
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§
Leadership / by M.S. AbdelGawad
§
“Time Dimension” Revisited in Clinical
Practice and Research in Psychiatry / by Y.T. Rakhawy
§
Assessment of the Negative Symptoms in a Sample of Egyptian
Schizophrenic Patients: Association with Poor Premorbid Social Functioning
and Cognitive Impairment / by M.R.A. Raslan
ABSTRACT.
The objective of this work was
the study of the relationship between premorbid functioning, some clinical
and treatment variable and cognitive functions of the schizophrenic patients
from one side and the severity of their negative symptoms on the other side.
Method:. to achieve the objective,
63 Egyptian schizophrenic patients were recruited from Kasr El-Ainti
University Hospital Psychiatric Clinic. They were assessed by PSAS, WAIS,
SANS, BPRS and full psychiatric examination.
The Results: revealed that the
severity of the negative symptoms was not correlated with the duration of
illness or the duration of neuroleptic medication, or duration of
hospitalization or the number of hospital admissions or the number of ECT
sessions received by the patients. It was correlated with the severity of
premorbid social and scholastic maladjustment, cognitive deterioration and
age of onset of schizophrenic illness.
Conclusion:
Schizophrenia especially its fundamental negative symptoms may be a
neurodevelopmental disorder that manifest itself during childhood and early
adolescence by maladjustment and during the active phase of illness by
negative symptoms and cognitive deterioration. §
A Study of Depressive Symptomatology
in Cancer Patients / by M. El Batrawi and M. Moussa
ABSTRACT.
This study compares depressive
symptoms in a group of
cancer patients (n=30) and a
control group of psychiatric outpatients depressive (n=16). Assessment of
depression was done by the Zung self rating questionnaire. Psychiatric
depressives scored significantly
higher in core depressive symptoms than did the depressed cancer
patients. However, the symptoms representing the anxiety dimension of
depression did not differ between the 2 groups. The implications of these
results are discussed and recommendations for future studies are suggested. §
Depression in the Elderly “Clinical and
Psychosocial Study” / by A. El-Dod, G. Shama and A. Mubarak
ABSTRACT.
Depressive illness is common in
the elderly and has recently become the focus of much research. The number of
elderly population is now increasing as compared to children and young adults
and has led to an interest in the characteristics of this group of population
specially their mental health problems which are considered a manin cause of
disability in old age. In addition to the mental suffering, depression is a
risk factor for subsequent morbidity, excessive health care costs and in some
instances actual mortality. The prognosis of late-onset depression is
relatively poor, and is characterized by frequent and prolonged relapses. So
studying the problem of depression in the elderly is important in psychiatric
health care. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychometric assessment of 30
elderly patients with late onset depression and 30 patients with early onset
depression demonstrated that elderly persons were more likely to suffer from
a single episode of depression of longer duration often precipitated by
stressful life events. early onset depressives were more likely to suffer
recent episodes of depression. Few differences in symptoms emerged between
geriatric depressives and their younger counterparts. These involved greater
self blame, suicidal ideation, psychic anxiety in early onset depressive
patients, and greater hypochondriacs, somatic preoccupation, psychomotor retardation
and lare-insomnia in the elderly depressed patients in this study. Also,
geriatric depression was characterized by cognitive impairment and functional
disability, in comparison to the early-onset depressives. §
Screening for Depression in Cancer Using the Zung Self Rating Scale
/ by M. El Batrawi, M. Moussa and H. Abdaal
ABSTRACT.
The purpose of this study was
to determine the utility of the Zung Self Rating Scale (ZSRS) as a screening
tool for depressive disorders in cancer patients.
Method: Depressive symptoms
were assessed in 30 cancer patients according to the Schedules for Clinical
Assmment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Diagnosis was made according to the American
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM-IV). The Zung Self Rating
Scale (ZSRS) was applied on the same patients. Clinical diagnosis revealed 21
patients with major depression
(6,6%), 14 (46.7%) with adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and
depression, and 5 (16.7%) with depression not otherwise specified. The ZSRS
identified 17 of these patients giving a sensitivity rate of 80.9%. Also,
from the 18 patients identified by the ZSRS as having depression only one was
not clinically depressed, giving a specificity rate of 94.4% for the scale.
Items which differentiated between depressed (n = 18) and non depressed (n =
12) cancer patients included crying spells, confusion, indecisiveness and
dissatisfaction. Somatic symptoms including fatigue did not differ between
depressed and non depressed cancer patients.
Conclusion :The ZSRS is an easy and valuable instrument in screening
for depression in cancer patients. §
Fertility in Schizophrenia in Comparison with other
Psychiatric Disorders / by R. Reda Abdel-latif
ABSTRACT.
This study has been done in
psychiatric inpatient Unit la Zagazig University Hospital with the aim of
comparing the fertility rate between schizophrenic patients and non
schizophrenic patients. A total sample of 520 psychiatric patients having
diagnosis of schizophrenia (n=180), Mood disorders (n=l 10) and neurotic
illness (n=230) according, to ICD -10 diagnoses were selected. The fertility
index was estimated and the Disability Assessment schedule was applied. The
patient data were subdivided by diagnosis, gender, and family history of
mental illness. The results revealed that the proportion of those ever
married was markedly reduced in the schizophrenic group (FI) relative to
those with mood disorders (F2) or neurotic illness (F3). Men with
schizophrenia had a particularly low rate of marriage. The overall group
(FI), only married men, particularly those with family history of mental
disorder, produced more children than married women. So, there is evidence
for increased fertility La schizophrenic men despite of decreased marital
rate. §
Benefits and Limitations of Conventional, EEG in a Psychiatric
Clinic / by M. Al-Mahdi, R. Al-Gamal and M. Abdel-Fattah
ABSTRACT .
The use and validity of EEG in
psychiatric clinic is still controversial inspite of its reasonable
acceptance in neurology departments . This could be attributed to many
factors related to psychiatric disorders Them selves and EEG technology.
lnspite of these factors EEG could be considered au important non-invasive
tool for studying the electrophysiological functions of the brain la
psychiatric clinics. This study is a trial to throw light on some benefits
and limitations of conventional EEG in psychiatric clinic . §
Linguistic Disabilities in Children with Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder / by M.R. A. Raslan and Nahla Abdelaziz
ABSTRACT.
The main objective of this work
was to study the linguistic disabilities in à sample of children presented to
psychiatric clinics with diagnosis or ADHD. A group of 24 children with ADHD
was compared to a sex-and-age matched group of normal controls (n=24). Both
groups were subjected to psychiatric interview using DSM-IV criteria,
assessment of intelligence using Stanford Binet Test. Assessment of severity
of ADHD was done using ADHD Rating scale and Swanson, Nolan and Peham -
SNAP-Rating Scale. Comprehensive assessment of language development was done
using, the Arab Linguistic Test (ALT).
Results showed that children
with ADHD had significant delay in language development and this delay was
correlated with the severity of the disorder. The children. The results were
discussed in the light of previous reports on the subject.
Conclusion: Developmental language
delay is highly associated with ADHD. The cause of this association is still
unknown. The language assessment of children with ADHD is recommended. §
Psychological Changes During Pregnancy:
Relation to outcome & Postpartum Period / by M. Shaheen, A.Nasr and S.Abo
El-Magd
ABSTRACT.
This study aims to asses
the psychological condition during pregnancy and some factors that may be
related to it and whether or not it will affect the outcome of pregnancy and
postpartum period.
A
sample of pregnant women were assessed twice, first, during the last
trimester and second, within 4-6 weeks after delivery. Assessment was done clinically
and pychometrically using MMPI and BDI. The results showed that pregnant
women got higher scores on psychastenia, hypochondriasis and depression. It
was found that some factors like age were related to psychological state
during pregnancy where younger women got higher scores on hysteria, hypomania
and depression. Also low social class was associated with higher scores on
depression, hysteria and psychopathic deviation, where as no relation was
found between psychological state during pregnancy and social class or level
of education. Regarding the effect of psychological status on the outcome of
pregnancy, lt was found that C.S. and fetal asphyxia were correlated with
high scores on depression, hypochondriasis and psychopathic deviation
subclass of MMPI and BDI. Also, prematurely showed significant correlation
with high scores on depression, social introversion and masculinity
femininity subclass, whereas low birth weight was correlated with high scores
on depression, schizophrenia and masculinity femininity subclass. Finally, no
relation was found between psychological changes during pregnancy and
postpartum depression. §
Perceived Parental Styles in Depressed
and Anxious Patients / by M. El-Batrawi
ABSTRACT.
30 Patients
with DSM-IV depression, 13 with DSM-IV anxiety disorders and 20 normal
controls were studied by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI).
On the whole, the 3 groups did not
differ significantly on the parental care and over protection dimensions as
assessed by the instrument. However, when the depressive group was
subcategorized into a major depressive subgroup (n = 10), depression with
psychotic features subgroup (n = 10) and adjustment disorder with depression
subgroup (n = 10), significant differences appeared. Mean maternal care
scores were significantly lower in patients with major depression when
compared to controls (P < 0.05). Also, comparing the PBI mean scores
between the depressive subgroups showed that the mean paternal care score in
the patients with depression with psychotic features was significantly lower
than that of the major depressive subgroup. Implications of these results are
clarified in the discussion §
Childhood Sexual Abuse in Depressed Female Inpatients: A 2-year
Follow-up Study and an Explanatory Cognitive Model / by Alaaeldin Soliman and
Safeya M. Effat
ABSTRACT.
This study prospectively
followed up a cohort of 75 depressed in-patient women for 24 months and
compared those with and without history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) along
several outcome measures, including clinical measures, and measures for
social adjustment and service utilization. Abused patients were no different
from the non-abused In rates of DSM-IV major depressive disorder at one and
two years. They, however, had higher rates ot dysthymic disorder, partial
recovery, lifetime substance abuse, suicidal attempts and service
utilization, and were more socially maladjusted. Analysis of depressive
symptoms revealed a characteristic negative cognitive set linking CSA to
depression in these patients. The results show that CSA is associated with
poor outcome in depressed women and highlight the importance of preventive
and early interventive measures of CSA. Management plans should carefully
assess and specifically address the underlying cognitive dysfunction and
psychosexual and interpersonal difficulties of these patients to improve
outcome. §
The Attitudes of Palestinian Primary Health Care Professionals in
the Gaza Strip. Towards Mental Illness / by A.Afana, O. Steffen, E.Dalgard,
B. Grunfeld and E. El-Sarraj
ABSTRACT.
Objective: This survey sought
to investigate the attitude of Palestinian primary health care professionals
towards mental illness in Gaza Strip.
Method: A random sample of 166 General
Practitioners and nurses were surveyed using Likert-type scale (29 items).
Results: Factor analysis revealed three
main attitude dimensions western cognitive and community approach, emotional
tolerance and reaction, and traditional attitude. Overall, older health
professionals had significantly more traditional attitudes than the younger,
where as the younger showed a tendency toward more western attitudes. Older
health professionals showed more emotional and tolerant attitudes towards
mental illness than the younger. Conclusion: Youngsters are usually the
agents to introduce new concepts. Also, they are brought up with the frame of
traditional values and conceptions, that can easily cause emotional as well
as intellectual turmoil §
Psychiatric and Emotional Disorders in a Sample of Egyptian Orphanage
Resident Children / by S. Abdelmagd
ABSTRACT.
This study aimed to investigate
some psychiatric and emotional problems in an orphanage in Cairo. 74 Egyptian
orphanage resident children were studied, age ranged between 9 - 12 years.
They were equally distributed as regards gender. School children were matched
as a control group for age, sex, and educational level . The sample
and the control group were subjected to phobia scale for children, Children's
Depression Inventory (C.D.I.), and psychiatric diagnosis using DS M IV.
The results revealed than the orphans
scored significantly higher than the control group in phobic scale. Orphans
scored higher in CDI but without statistically significant difference from the
control group.
The most prevalent diagnosis in the whole
sample was enuresis followed by conduct disorder, separation anxiety
disorder, and sleep disorder.
RESUME.
Les Désordres psychiques et
émotionnels chez un échantillon d’enfants Egyptiens dans un orphelinat
résidentiel.
74 orphelins et 74 élevés
ont été soumis a l’échelle de phobie et de dépression.
Les orphelins avaient
plus de phobie et de dépression que leurs contreparties. En plus, ils avaient
plus de diagnostique d’énurésie et de désordres de conduite (selon le DSM-IV
système de diagnostique). q
Journal Abstract |
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| Document Code PJ.0108 |
ÊÑãíÒ ÇáãÓÊäÏ PJ.0108 |
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